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- A3
  A3 Report The A3 is a single-page report used for documenting an improvement project or problem-solving activity. Originated at Toyota, it is named after the A3-size paper format where it is usually written. Much more than capturing information in a concise way and therefore facilitating communication, the A3 report (which structure is closely linked to the PDCA cycle) promotes a solid, structured way of fact analysis and root-cause research. In general, the typical structure of an A3 report comprises the following sections: Title; Background and business case; Description of current condition; Definition of target condition; Root-cause analysis; Proposed counter-measures; Implementation plan; Follow-up and results. There are several types and templates of A3 reports, according to its use (problem solving, improvement reporting, policy change communication�).
- ABC Analysis
  The ABC analysis is a component of the analysis of the demand profile, which divides the articles sold into 3 categories, which correspond to different proportions of the total volume of demand and also to different proportions of the number of articles. Starting from a list of articles sorted by descending order of sales there is a set of articles (which usually represent about 20% of the total number of articles) accounting for 80% of the volume. These articles belong to category A. Category B accounts for 15% of the volume and normally comprises many more articles than category A. Category C represents the last 5% and usually comprises more articles than the sum of the previous ones. This analysis is usually done in quantity and value. ABC Analysis is used in the definition of value chains and their planning, production and supply strategies. It also gives important inputs to the analysis of complexity and product ranges.
- Andon
  Japanese word for �lamp� meaning the use of visual signs that signal the operating condition of a line or machine. Andon can be used to indicate malfunctions, needed actions, material shortages, etc.
- Autonomous Maintenance
  Basic maintenance of production equipment performed by its operators. It is a main component of TPM Total Productive Maintenance. It involves improvement of the equipment and an increase of operator skills, in a seven-step process: � Restore the machine�s initial condition � Eliminate contamination sources and improve maintainability � Create maintenance standards � Train operators � Operator-made basic maintenance � System improvement � Autonomous maintenance